Developing spatially-based oilseed life-cycle assessment (LCA) models across the Northern Great Plains (NGP)

Background

Biofuel production across the United States has increased exponentially over the last ten years; from 2006 to 2015, annual production of biodiesel has increased by 287 million gallons (MMgal). Vegetable oil feedstocks have remained relatively static over time, with soybean (Glycine max) and canola (Brassica napus) oils accounting for 71% and 15% of the inputs used in domestic biodiesel production, respectively (Figure 1). However, various oilseed varieties are viable feedstock options for biofuel production across the marginal semi-arid Northern Great Plains (NGP). Second generation non-food oilseeds, such as camelina (Camelina sativa) and carinata (Brassica carinata) offer benefits over traditional feedstocks, such as canola or soybeans, yet limited research exists on the comparison of the geographically specific characteristics of each feedstock in the production of biofuel.

The environmental impact of biofuel production is variable and can be quantified using an analysis methodology called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).  Within the NGP, feedstocks produced must be transported long distances in order to reach conversion plants and end consumers. Each step within the production chain is controlled by different individuals and businesses and effect the sustainability of biofuel production.  The efficiency of feedstock, vegetable oil, and biofuel production and transport effect the environmental impact.  The NGP is a significant source of the nation’s petroleum.  Petroleum refining and transport infrastructure could be used to ‘co-produce’ biofuels.  This research uses LCA results and geographic information system (GIS) network analysis models coupled with Python-based optimization programming to evaluate feedstock alternatives and supply chains in the biodiesel production process. This coupled model is being used to identify sustainable biofuel production alternatives which leverage existing resources to reduce the environmental impact and improve the feasibility of greater biofuel production.  These complex analytical results are being disseminated with easy-to-understand ArcGIS story maps with the goal of providing decision makers with the information necessary to improve biofuel sustainability.

Project Details

The student on this project will participate in developing and refining model and analysis results and presenting model results using ArcGIS story maps.

Skills Development

• ·             Understand and use coupled models;
• ·             Interpret and present sustainability and LCA model results;
• ·             Gain experience in developing transportation networks in ArcGIS;
• ·             Learn how to effectively convey scientific results through the development of online geovisualization tools, such as ArcGIS story maps; and
• ·             Develop an in-depth understanding of the agricultural impacts and processes related to the development of sustainable biofuel production systems.

Impact of Research

Conducting a spatially specific LCA will provide a better understanding of the environmental costs that are associated with biofuel production in rural areas. From feedstock selection to transportation and infrastructure challenges, this project will inform future development, leading to more effective decision making regarding policy, sustainability, and economic investment.

Research Team

You will be working with members of Dr. Jim Stone’s research team, in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department (CEE), at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. Dr. Stone’s research group focuses on collaborative and interdisciplinary projects pertaining to sustainability and the environment.

For more details on this project, please contact Devin Moeller at devin.moeller@sdsmt.edu.